| 金属氧化物避雷器的结构特性 |
| 添加时间：2018/6/19 15:06:55 浏览次数： |
| 金属氧化物避雷器的结构特性 Structural characteristics of metal oxide arresters 金属氧化物避雷器的基本结构是阀片，阀片用氧化锌（ZnO）为主要材料，掺以少量其他金属氧化物添加剂经高温焙烧而成，具有良好的非线性压敏电阻特性，因此又叫压敏避雷器。 The basic structure of the metal oxide arrester is the valve plate. The valve plate is made of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) as the main material and is roasted with a small amount of other metal oxide additives at high temperature. It has a good nonlinear varistor characteristic, so it is also called the pressure sensitive arrester. 这种烧结体的基本结构是高电导的氧化锌晶粒，电阻率为1 Ω⋅ cm。边缘由高电阻性的（主要是金属氧化物附加物）粒界层包围，电阻率在低电场强度下约为1010 ~ 1014Ω⋅cm。在较高的电压作用下，金属氧化物附加物的粒界层中的价电子被拉出，或者由于碰撞电离产生电子崩而使载流子大量增加。当电场强度达到104 ~ 105V / cm时，其电阻率即降到1 Ω⋅ cm；当外加作用电压降低时，由于复合使载流子减少，电阻又变大，因此具有良好的非线性。且它的非线性伏安特性在正、反极性是对称的。 The basic structure of this sintered body is highly conductive Zinc Oxide grain with a resistivity of 1 cm. The edge is surrounded by a high resistive (mainly metal oxide additive) grain boundary, and resistivity is about 1010 ~ 1014 ohm cm at low electric field strength. Under the action of high voltage, the valence electrons in the granular layer of the metal oxide appendage are pulled out, or the electron avalanche caused by collisional ionization leads to a large increase in the carrier. When the electric field strength reaches 104 ~ 105V / cm, the resistivity drops to 1 Omega cm. When the applied voltage is reduced, the resistance is reduced and the resistance becomes larger, so it has good nonlinearity. Its nonlinear volt ampere characteristic is symmetrical in the positive and negative polarity. 金属氧化物阀片在正常工作电压下， 通过的阻性电流很小， 一般约为10 ~ 15μA，接近绝缘状态。作用于阀片上的电压升高时，电流加大。把通过阀片的阻性电流为1mA时，作用于避雷器上的电压mA U1 为起始动作电压。由于氧化锌阀片有良好的非线性特性，在通过10kA冲击电流时残压与mA U1 的比值一般不大于1.9，压比越小，其保护性能越好。mA U1 的值约为最大允许工作电压峰值的1.05～1.15倍。 The resistance current of metal oxide valve under normal working voltage is very small, generally about 10 ~ 15 A, close to the insulation state. The current increases when the voltage on the valve plate rises. When the resistive current through the valve plate is 1mA, the voltage mA U1 acting on the arrester is the starting action voltage. Because of the good nonlinear characteristics of the Zinc Oxide valve, the ratio of the residual pressure to the mA U1 is generally not more than 1.9 in the impact current passing through the 10kA, and the smaller the pressure ratio, the better the protection performance. The value of mA U1 is about 1.05 to 1.15 times the maximum allowable working voltage. |
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