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雷电是一种放电现象
雷电是伴有闪电和雷鸣的一种雄伟壮观而又有点令人生畏的放电现象。雷电一般产生于对流发展旺盛的积雨云中，因此常伴有强烈的阵风和暴雨，有时还伴有冰雹和龙卷风。积雨云顶部一般较高，可达20公里，云的上部常有冰晶。冰晶的凇附，水滴的破碎以及空气对流等过程，使云中产生电荷。云中电荷的分布较复杂，但总体而言，云的上部以正电荷为主，下部以负电荷为主。因此，云的上、下部之间形成一个电位差。当电位差达到一定程度后，就会产生放电，这就是我们常见的闪电现象。闪电的的平均电流是3万安培，最大电流可达30万安培。闪电的电压很高，约为1亿至10亿伏特。一个中等强度雷暴的功率可达一千万瓦，相当于一座小型核电站的输出功率。放电过程中，由于闪电通道中温度骤增，使空气体积急剧膨胀，从而产生冲击波，导致强烈的雷鸣。 带有电荷的雷云与地面的突起物接近时，它们之间就发生激烈的放电。在雷电放电地点会出现强烈的闪光和爆炸的轰鸣声。这就是人们见到和听到的闪电雷鸣。
Lightning is a magnificent and somewhat awesome discharge phenomenon accompanied by lightning and thunder. Lightning usually occurs in cumulonimbus clouds with strong convective development, so it is often accompanied by strong gusts and rainstorms, sometimes with hail and tornadoes. The top of cumulonimbus clouds is generally high, up to 20 kilometers, and there are often ice crystals on the top of the clouds. The processes of ice crystal clinging, water droplet breaking and air convection generate electric charges in clouds. The distribution of charges in clouds is complex, but in general, the upper part of clouds is dominated by positive charges, while the lower part is dominated by negative charges. Therefore, there is a potential difference between the upper and lower parts of the cloud. When the potential difference reaches a certain level, there will be discharges, which is our common lightning phenomenon. The average current of lightning is 30,000 amperes, and the maximum current is yamocao.37ix.com.cnqizhong.37ix.com.cnzhushe.37ix.com.cngeshengban.89ix.com300,000 amperes. tongfoxiang.71ix.comboligangjg.37ix.com.cnLightning has a high voltage of about 100 million to 1 billion volts. The power of a medium-intensity thunderstorm can reach 10 MW, which is equivalent to the output power of a small nuclear power plant. During the discharge process, the volume of air expands sharply due to the sudden increase of temperature in the lightning channel, resulting in shock wave and strong thunder. When charged thunderclouds approach the protrusions on the ground, intense discharges occur between them. There will be strong flashes and explosive roars at lightning discharge sites. This is the lightning and thunder that people see and hear.
Lightning is a magnificent and somewhat awesome discharge phenomenon accompanied by lightning and thunder. Lightning usually occurs in cumulonimbus clouds with strong convective development, so it is often accompanied by strong gusts and rainstorms, sometimes with hail and tornadoes. The top of cumulonimbus clouds is generally high, up to 20 kilometers, and there are often ice crystals on the top of the clouds. The processes of ice crystal clinging, water droplet breaking and air convection generate electric charges in clouds. The distribution of charges in clouds is complex, but in general, the upper part of clouds is dominated by positive charges, while the lower part is dominated by negative charges. Therefore, there is a potential difference between the upper and lower parts of the cloud. When the potential difference reaches a certain level, there will be discharges, which is our common lightning phenomenon. The average current of lightning is 30,000 amperes, and the maximum current is yamocao.37ix.com.cnqizhong.37ix.com.cnzhushe.37ix.com.cngeshengban.89ix.com300,000 amperes. tongfoxiang.71ix.comboligangjg.37ix.com.cnLightning has a high voltage of about 100 million to 1 billion volts. The power of a medium-intensity thunderstorm can reach 10 MW, which is equivalent to the output power of a small nuclear power plant. During the discharge process, the volume of air expands sharply due to the sudden increase of temperature in the lightning channel, resulting in shock wave and strong thunder. When charged thunderclouds approach the protrusions on the ground, intense discharges occur between them. There will be strong flashes and explosive roars at lightning discharge sites. This is the lightning and thunder that people see and hear.
