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常见金属氧化物
氧化铜
Cupric oxide
氧化铜（CuO）是一种铜的黑色氧化物，略显两性，稍有吸湿性。相对分子质量为79.545，密度为6.3～6.9 g/cm3，熔点1326℃。不溶于水和乙醇，溶于酸、氯化铵及氰化钾溶液，氨溶液中缓慢溶解，能与强碱反应。氧化铜主要用于制人造丝、陶瓷、釉及搪瓷、电池、石油脱硫剂、杀虫剂，也供制氢、催化剂、绿色玻璃等用。
Copper oxide (CuO) is a black oxide of copper, slightly amphoteric and slightly hygroscopic. The relative molecular weight is 79.545, the density is 6.3-6.9 g/cm 3, and the melting point is 1326 C. It is insoluble in water and ethanol, soluble in acid, ammonium chloride and potassium cyanide solution, slowly soluble in ammonia solution, and can react with strong alkali. Copper oxide is mainly used in rayon, ceramics, glaze and enamel, batteries, petroleum desulfurizers, pesticides, hydrogen production, catalysts, green glass and so on.
氧化铁
Ferric oxide
氧化铁，别名烧褐铁矿、烧赭上、铁丹、铁红、红粉、威尼斯红（主要成分为氧化铁）、三氧化二铁等。化学式Fe2O3，溶于盐酸，为红棕色粉末。其红棕色粉末为一种低级颜料，工业上称氧化铁红，用于油漆、油墨、橡胶等工业中，可做催化剂，玻璃、宝石、金属的抛光剂，可用作炼铁原料。 [2]
Iron oxide, alias burning limonite, burning ochre, iron Dan, iron red, red powder, Venice red (the main component is iron oxide), iron oxide, etc. Chemical formula Fe2O3, soluble in hydrochloric acid, is a red-brown powder. Its red-brown powder is a kind of low-grade pigment. It is called iron oxide red in industry. It is used in paint, ink, rubber and other industries. It can be used as catalyst, polishing agent for glass, gemstone and metal, and can be used as raw material for ironmaking. [2]
氧化铝
alumina
高温烧结的氧化铝，称人造刚玉或人造宝石，可制机械轴承或钟表中的钻石。氧化铝也用作高温耐火材料，制耐火砖、坩埚、瓷器、人造宝石等，氧化铝也是炼铝的原料。煅烧氢氧化铝可制得γ-Al₂O₃。γ-Al₂O₃具有强吸附力和催化活性，可做吸附剂和催化剂。刚玉主要成分α-Al₂O₃。桶状或锥状的三方晶体。有玻璃光泽或金刚光泽。密度为3.9～4.1g/cm3，硬度9，熔点2000±15℃。不溶于水，也不溶于酸和碱。耐高温。无色透明者称白玉，含微量三价铬的显红色称红宝石；含二价铁、三价铁或四价钛的显蓝色称蓝宝石；含少量四氧化三铁的显暗灰色、暗黑色称刚玉粉。可用做精密仪器的轴承，钟表的钻石、砂轮、抛光剂、耐火材料和电的绝缘体。色彩艳丽的可做装饰用宝石。人造红宝石单晶可制激光器的材料。除天然矿产外，可用氢氧焰熔化氢氧化铝制取。
High-temperature sintered alumina, known as artificial corundum or gemstone, can be made into mechanical bearings or diamonds in clocks and watches. Alumina is also used as high-temperature refractories, refractory bricks, crucibles, porcelain, artificial gems, etc. Alumina is also the raw material for aluminium smelting. Aluminum hydroxide can be calcined to produce gamma-Al rammed O rammer. Gamma-Alram O-ram has strong adsorption and catalytic activity, and can be used as adsorbent and catalyst. The main component of corundum is a-Al rammed O rammed. Barrel or conical tripartite crystal. It has glass or diamond luster. The density is 3.9-4.1g/cm3, the hardness is 9, and the melting point is 2000+15 C. It is insoluble in water, acid and alkali. High temperature resistance. The colorless transparent is called white jade, the bright red with trace trivalent chromium is called ruby; the bright blue with ferrous, trivalent iron or tetravalent titanium is called sapphire; the dark gray and dark black with a small amount of ferrous oxide is called corundum powder. Bearings for precision instruments, diamonds for clocks and watches, grinding wheels, polishes, refractories and electrical insulators. Colorful gemstones can be used for decoration. Artificial Ruby single crystal can be used to make laser materials. In addition to natural minerals, aluminium hydroxide can be prepared by melting aluminium hydroxide in oxygen and hydrogen flame.
Cupric oxide
氧化铜（CuO）是一种铜的黑色氧化物，略显两性，稍有吸湿性。相对分子质量为79.545，密度为6.3～6.9 g/cm3，熔点1326℃。不溶于水和乙醇，溶于酸、氯化铵及氰化钾溶液，氨溶液中缓慢溶解，能与强碱反应。氧化铜主要用于制人造丝、陶瓷、釉及搪瓷、电池、石油脱硫剂、杀虫剂，也供制氢、催化剂、绿色玻璃等用。
Copper oxide (CuO) is a black oxide of copper, slightly amphoteric and slightly hygroscopic. The relative molecular weight is 79.545, the density is 6.3-6.9 g/cm 3, and the melting point is 1326 C. It is insoluble in water and ethanol, soluble in acid, ammonium chloride and potassium cyanide solution, slowly soluble in ammonia solution, and can react with strong alkali. Copper oxide is mainly used in rayon, ceramics, glaze and enamel, batteries, petroleum desulfurizers, pesticides, hydrogen production, catalysts, green glass and so on.
氧化铁
Ferric oxide
氧化铁，别名烧褐铁矿、烧赭上、铁丹、铁红、红粉、威尼斯红（主要成分为氧化铁）、三氧化二铁等。化学式Fe2O3，溶于盐酸，为红棕色粉末。其红棕色粉末为一种低级颜料，工业上称氧化铁红，用于油漆、油墨、橡胶等工业中，可做催化剂，玻璃、宝石、金属的抛光剂，可用作炼铁原料。 [2]
Iron oxide, alias burning limonite, burning ochre, iron Dan, iron red, red powder, Venice red (the main component is iron oxide), iron oxide, etc. Chemical formula Fe2O3, soluble in hydrochloric acid, is a red-brown powder. Its red-brown powder is a kind of low-grade pigment. It is called iron oxide red in industry. It is used in paint, ink, rubber and other industries. It can be used as catalyst, polishing agent for glass, gemstone and metal, and can be used as raw material for ironmaking. [2]
氧化铝
alumina
高温烧结的氧化铝，称人造刚玉或人造宝石，可制机械轴承或钟表中的钻石。氧化铝也用作高温耐火材料，制耐火砖、坩埚、瓷器、人造宝石等，氧化铝也是炼铝的原料。煅烧氢氧化铝可制得γ-Al₂O₃。γ-Al₂O₃具有强吸附力和催化活性，可做吸附剂和催化剂。刚玉主要成分α-Al₂O₃。桶状或锥状的三方晶体。有玻璃光泽或金刚光泽。密度为3.9～4.1g/cm3，硬度9，熔点2000±15℃。不溶于水，也不溶于酸和碱。耐高温。无色透明者称白玉，含微量三价铬的显红色称红宝石；含二价铁、三价铁或四价钛的显蓝色称蓝宝石；含少量四氧化三铁的显暗灰色、暗黑色称刚玉粉。可用做精密仪器的轴承，钟表的钻石、砂轮、抛光剂、耐火材料和电的绝缘体。色彩艳丽的可做装饰用宝石。人造红宝石单晶可制激光器的材料。除天然矿产外，可用氢氧焰熔化氢氧化铝制取。
High-temperature sintered alumina, known as artificial corundum or gemstone, can be made into mechanical bearings or diamonds in clocks and watches. Alumina is also used as high-temperature refractories, refractory bricks, crucibles, porcelain, artificial gems, etc. Alumina is also the raw material for aluminium smelting. Aluminum hydroxide can be calcined to produce gamma-Al rammed O rammer. Gamma-Alram O-ram has strong adsorption and catalytic activity, and can be used as adsorbent and catalyst. The main component of corundum is a-Al rammed O rammed. Barrel or conical tripartite crystal. It has glass or diamond luster. The density is 3.9-4.1g/cm3, the hardness is 9, and the melting point is 2000+15 C. It is insoluble in water, acid and alkali. High temperature resistance. The colorless transparent is called white jade, the bright red with trace trivalent chromium is called ruby; the bright blue with ferrous, trivalent iron or tetravalent titanium is called sapphire; the dark gray and dark black with a small amount of ferrous oxide is called corundum powder. Bearings for precision instruments, diamonds for clocks and watches, grinding wheels, polishes, refractories and electrical insulators. Colorful gemstones can be used for decoration. Artificial Ruby single crystal can be used to make laser materials. In addition to natural minerals, aluminium hydroxide can be prepared by melting aluminium hydroxide in oxygen and hydrogen flame.
